Administration of Justice is one of the essential functions of the state. Every State (The organized power of a Political Community) has a primary objective to maintain peace and order in the society. To achieve the said objective of maintaining peace and order in every state has to make laws both Civil and Criminal to regulate and control the action of its citizens. However, mere enunciation of law for regulating the conduct of citizens without the establishment of proper machinery to administer and enforce the same will be of little value. Hence, the Constitution of Courts presided over by Judges who are commissioned to administer the laws an essential condition of administration of justice.
The courts may be defined as the institutions through which the state administers Public Justice to its citizens. The courts administer Justice for enforcement of rights and for punishing wrong doers. The courts will handle both Civil and Criminal law of Justice. The present legal system of our country was inherited from the Britishers during their rule. The Justice delivery system, comprising of various courts in their constitution and composition structure on the analysis of formation of government viz Central Government for the whole of the country and state government for respective state in the country, on the same ground the judiciary was also built up in India.
The courts which administer Justice are classified as follows :-
a. Higher Judiciary – It consists of our Supreme Court of India and all High Courts of State.
b. Subordinate Judiciary – From the Magistrate to District Judge in the District Administrative Justice is called lower Judiciary / Subordinate Judiciary.
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